Swift

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What you'll learn

Swift is Apple's modern systems language — type-safe, protocol-oriented, and built for async/await concurrency. This tier is a standalone language reference that takes you from types and optionals through generics, protocols, property wrappers, structured concurrency, and the patterns that underpin every SwiftUI app. Use it to go deep on the language itself, separate from the app-building ladders.

Who is this for?

Who is this for?

Developers who want a thorough grounding in Swift the language — whether coming from Objective-C, another language, or filling gaps left by the app-building tiers. No prior iOS experience required.

The ladder

1. 01 Why Swift — what Swift replaces, its design goals, and where it fits.
2. 02 Types and optionals — value vs reference types, optionals, and unwrapping.
3. 03 Functions and closures — parameters, return types, trailing closures, and capture.
4. 04 Structs and classes — when to use each, mutating, and identity.
5. 05 Enums and pattern matching — associated values, raw values, and switch exhaustiveness.
6. 06 Protocols and POP — protocol-oriented programming, conformance, and defaults.
7. 07 Generics — generic functions, types, and constraints.
8. 08 Error handling — throwing, try/catch, and the Result type.
9. 09 Property wrappers and result builders — the machinery SwiftUI is built on.
10. 10 Swift concurrency — async/await, tasks, actors, and Sendable.
11. 11 Swift Package Manager — modules, dependencies, and the Package.swift manifest.
12. 12 iOS patterns in Swift — delegates, observation, and the patterns you'll meet in iOS.
13. 13 Testing Swift code — XCTest, Swift Testing, and async tests.
14. 14 Swift-ObjC interop — bridging, name mangling, and mixed-language targets.

Prerequisites

None — this is a standalone language reference.

Start → 01 Why Swift